Peer Reviewed Journal Articles

Current H-index: 34

    2010
  • Andrew B. Lowe* and M. Alyse Harvison ‘Thiol-Based “Click” Chemistries in Polymer Synthesis and ModificationAustralian Journal of Chemistry 2010, 63, 1251-1266. DOI: 10.1071/CH10214.
  • Justin W. Chan, Charles E. Hoyle, Andrew B. Lowe,* Mark Bowman ‘The Nucleophile-Initiated Thiol-Michael Reaction: The Effect of Organocatalyst, Thiol, and EneMacromolecules 2010, 43, 6381-6388. DOI: 10.1021/ma101069c.
  • Justin W. Chan, Jungwhan Shin, Charles E. Hoyle, Christopher N. Bowman, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Synthesis, Thiol-Yne “Click” Photopolymerization, and Properties of Networks Derived from Novel Multifunctional AlkynesMacromolecules 2010, 43, 4937-4942. DOI: 10.1021/ma1004452.
  • Charles E. Hoyle, Andrew B. Lowe, Christopher N. Bowman* ‘Thiol-Click Chemistry: A Multifaceted Toolbox for Small Molecule and Polymer SynthesisChemistry Society Reviews 2010, 39, 1355-1387. DOI: 10.1039/b901979k.
  • Andrew B. Lowe,* Charles E. Hoyle, Christopher N. Bowman ‘Thiol-Yne Click Chemistry: A Powerful and Versatile Methodology for Materials Synthesis‘ Invited highlight. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2010, 20, 4745-4750. DOI: 10.1039/jmb917102a.
  • Andrew B. Lowe ‘Thiol-Ene “Click” Reactions and Recent Applications in Polymer and Materials Synthesis‘ Invited mini-review. Polymer Chemistry 2010, 1, 17-36. DOI: 10.1039/b9py00216b.
  • Jiangtao Xu, Lei Tao, Cyrille Boyer, Andrew B. Lowe,* Thomas P. Davis* ‘Combining Thio-Bromo “Click” Chemistry and RAFT Polymerization: A Powerful Tool for Preparing Functionalized Multiblock and Hyperbranched PolymersMacromolecules 2010, 43, 20-24. DOI: 10.1021/ma902154h.

    2009

  • Miles A. Dunbar, Shawna L. Balof, Lawrence J. LaBeaud, Bing Yu, Andrew B. Lowe, Edward J. Valente, Hans-Jorg Schanz* ‘Improved Molecular Weight Control in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Reactions with Ru-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Using N-Donors and Acid: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation Chemistry: A European Journal 2009, 15, 12435-12446. DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901013.
  • Haibo Li, Bing Yu, Hironori Matsushima, Charles E. Hoyle, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘The Thiol-Isocyanate Click Reaction: Facile and Quantitative Access to w-End-Functionalized Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) Synthesized by RAFT PolymerizationMacromolecules 2009, 42, 6537-6542. DOI: 10.1021/ma9010878.
  • Bing Yu, Justin W. Chan, Charles E. Hoyle,* Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Sequential Thiol-Ene/Thiol-Ene and Thiol-Ene/Thiol-Yne Reactions as a Route to Well-Defined Mono and Bis End-Functionalized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2009, 47, 3544-3557. DOI: 10.1002/pola.23436.
  • Justin W. Chan, Bing Yu, Charles E. Hoyle,* Andrew B. Lowe* ‘The Nucleophilic, Phosphine-Catalyzed Thiol-Ene Click Reaction and Convergent Star Synthesis with RAFT-Prepared HomopolymersPolymer 2009, 50, 3158-3168. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.030.
  • Justin W. Chan, Charles E. Hoyle,* Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Sequential Phosphine Catalyzed, Nucleophilic Thiol-Ene/Radical-Mediated Thiol-Yne Reactions and the Facile, Orthogonal Synthesis of Polyfunctional MaterialsJournal of the American Chemical Society 2009, 131, 5751-5753. DOI: 10.1021/ja8099135.
  • Justin W. Chan, Hui Zhou, Charles E. Hoyle,* Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Photopolymerization of Thiol-Alkynes: Polysulfide NetworksChemistry of Materials 2009, 21, 1579-1585. DOI: 10.1021/cm803262p.
  • Shawna L. Balof, Bing Yu, Andrew B. Lowe, Yan Ling, Yong Zhang, Hans-Jörg Schanz* ‘Ru-Based Metathesis Catalysts Bearing pH-Responsive N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands: Activity Control via Degree of ProtonationEuropean Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2009, 13, 1717-1722. DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801145.
  • Bing Yu, Andrew B. Lowe,* Kazuhiko Ishihara ‘RAFT Synthesis and Stimulus-Induced Self-Assembly of Copolymers Based on the Biocompatible Monomer 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl PhosphorylcholineBiomacromolecules 2009, 10, 950-958. DOI: 10.1021/bm8014945.
  • Bing Yu, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Synthesis of Di and Tri Tertiary Amine Containing Methacrylic Monomers and Their (Co)Polymerization via RAFTJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2009, 47, 1877-1890. DOI: 10.1002/pola.23281.

    2008

  • David J. Merkler, Alexander S. Asser, Laura E. Baumgart, Natalie Carballo, Sarah E. Carpenter, Geoffrey H. Chew, Angelo P. Consalvo, Casey C. Cosner, Jodi Dusi, Lamar C. Galloway, Andrew B. Lowe, Edward W. Lowe, Jr., Lawrence King III, Robert D. Kendig, Paul C. Kline, Raviraj Kulathila, Robert Malka, Kathleen A. Merkler, Neil R. McIntyre, Mindy Romero, Benjamin J. Wilcox, Terence C. Owen ‘Substituted Hippurate, and Hippurate Analogs as Substrates and Inhibitors of Peptidylglycine α-Hydroxylating Monooxygenase (PHM)Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 2008, 16, 10061-10074. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.013.
  • Justin W. Chan, Bing Yu, Charles E. Hoyle,* Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Convergent Synthesis of 3-Arm Star Polymers from RAFT-Prepared Poly(N,N-Diethylacrylamide) via a Thiol-Ene Click ReactionChemical Communications 2008, 4959-4961. DOI: 101039/b813438c.
  • David A. Rankin, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘New Well-Defined Polymeric Betaines: First Report Detailing The Synthesis and ROMP of Salt-Responsive Sulfopropylbetaine- and Carboxyethylbetaine-exo-7-oxanorbornene MonomersMacromolecules 2008, 41, 614-622. DOI: 10.1021/ma701952c.

    2007

  • Adam Roberts, Allison C. Cochran, David A. Rankin, Andrew B. Lowe, Hans-Jörg Schanz ‘Carbene-Functionalized Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts for Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization in Protic MediaOrganometallics 2007, 26, 6515-6518. DOI: 10.1021/om700887t.
  • Jay W. Hotchkiss, Andrew B. Lowe, Stephen G. Boyes ‘Surface Modification of Gold Nanorods with Polymers Prepared by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer PolymerizationChemistry of Materials 2007, 9, 6-13. . DOI: 10.1021/cm0622912.
  • Andrew B. Lowe* and Charles L. McCormick ‘Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Radical Polymerization and The Synthesis of Water-Soluble (Co)Polymers Under Homogeneous Conditions in Organic and Aqueous MediaProgress in Polymer Science 2007, 32, 283-351. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.11.003.
  • Andrew B. Lowe* and Ran Wang ‘Controlled-Structure Glycopolymers: AB Diblock Copolymers of 3-O-Methacryloyl-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose with 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl MethacrylatePolymer 2007, 48, 2221-2230. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.062.
  • David A. Rankin, Steven J. P’Pool, Hans-Jörg Schanz, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘The Controlled, Homogeneous Organic Solution Polymerization of New Hydrophilic Cationic exo-7-Oxanorbornenes via ROMP with RuCl2(PCy3)2CHPh in a Novel 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol/Methylene Chloride Solvent MixtureJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2007, 45, 2113-2128. DOI: 10.1002/pola.21976.
  • Ran Wang, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘RAFT Polymerization of Styrenic-Based Phosphonium Monomers and a New Family of Well-Defined Statistical and Block PolyampholytesJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2007, 45, 2468-2483. DOI: 10.1002/pola.22009.
  • Zulma Jiménez, Christopher Bounds, Charles E. Hoyle, Andrew B. Lowe, Hui Zhou, John A. Pojman ‘Photopolymerization Kinetics of Ionic Liquid Monomers Derived from the Neutralization Reaction Between Trialkylamines and Acid-Containing (Meth)AcrylatesJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2007, 45, 3009-3021. DOI: 10.1002/pola.22055.
  • Andrew B. Lowe,* Ran Wang, Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi, Peter Butko, Charles L. McCormick ‘RAFT Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Properties of pH-Responsive AB Diblock Styrenic-Based Copolymers of 4-Vinylbenzyltrimethylphosphonium Chloride with N,N-DimethylbenzylvinylamineMacromolecular Chemistry & Physics 2007, 208, 2339-2347. DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700280.
  • Andrew B. Lowe,* Marry Torres, Ran Wang ‘A Doubly Responsive AB Diblock Copolymer: RAFT Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Properties of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-block-4-vinylbenzoic acid)’ Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2007, 45, 5864-5871. DOI: 10.1002/pola.22338.
  • David A. Rankin, Hans-Jörg Schanz, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Observations on the Effect of the Halide Counterion in the ROMP of the exo-7-Oxanorbornene Derivatives exo-Benzyl-[2-(3,5-dioxo-10-oxa-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-4-yl)-ethyl] dimethyl ammonium Bromide/Chloride in 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol/Methylene ChlorideMacromolecular Chemistry & Physics 2007, 208, 2389-2395. DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700379.
  • Marty Ward, Bing Yu, Victor Wyatt, Jelani Griffith, A. Robert Neureuth, Tara Craft, David L. Wertz, John A. Pojman, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Poly(mandelic acid) DerivativesBiomacromolecules 2007, 8, 3308-3316. DOI: 10.1021/bm070221y.

    2006

  • Anthony J. Convertine, Brad S. Lokitz, Yuliya Vasilieva, Leslie J. Myrick, Charles W. Scales, Andrew B. Lowe, Charles L. McCormick ‘Direct Synthesis of Thermally Responsive DMA/NIPAM Diblock and DMA/NIPAM/DMA Triblock Copolymers via Aqueous Room Temperature RAFT PolymerizationMacromolecules 2006, 39, 1724-1730. DOI: 10.1021/ma0523419.
  • Marty Ward, Melissa Sanchez, Mohamed O. Elasri, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Antimicrobial Activity of Statistical Polymethacrylic Sulfobetaines against Both Gram Positive and Gram Negative BacteriaJournal of Applied Polymer Science 2006, 101, 1036-1041. DOI: 10.1002/app.23269.
  • Yoshiro Mitsukami, Akihito Hashidzume, Shin-ich Yusa, Yotaro Morishima, Andrew B. Lowe, Charles L. McCormick ‘Characterization of pH-Dependent Micellization of Polystyrene-Based Cationic Block Copolymers Prepared by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Radical PolymerizationPolymer 2006, 47, 4330-4340. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.026.
  • Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Michael Buback, Bernadette Charleux, Michelle L. Coote, Marco Drache, Takeshi Fukuda, Atsushi Goto, Bert Klumperman, Andrew B. Lowe, James B. McLeary, Graeme Moad, Michael J. Monteiro, Ronald D. Sanderson, Matthew P. Tonge, Philipp Vana ‘Mechanism and Kinetics of Dithiobenzoate-Mediated RAFT Polymerization, 1: The Current SituationJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2006, 44, 5809-5831. DOI: 10.1002/pola.21589.

    2005

  • Anthony J. Convertine, Brad S. Lokitz, Andrew B. Lowe, Charles W. Scales, Leslie J. Myrick, Charles L. McCormick ‘Aqueous Room Temperature RAFT Polymerization of Acrylamide and N,N-DimethylacrylamideMacromolecular Rapid Communications 2005, 26, 791-795.
  • Yuliya A. Vasilieva, Charles W. Scales, David B. Thomas, Ryan G. Ezell, Andrew B. Lowe, Neil Ayres, Charles L. McCormick ‘Controlled/Living Polymerization of Methacrylamide in Aqueous Media via the RAFT ProcessJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2005, 43, 3141-3152. DOI: 10.1002/pola.20786.
  • Charles L. McCormick, Andrew B. Lowe ‘Synthesis of Water-Soluble (Co)polymers with Precisely Controlled Structures Utilizing Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in Aqueous Media‘ Translated from Accounts of Chemical Research 2004, 37, 312-325 into Japanese and published as an ‘Overseas Feature Article’ in Mirai Zairyou (Future Materials) 2005, 5, 9-23.
  • Charles W. Scales, Yuliya A. Vasilieva, Anthony J. Convertine, Andrew B. Lowe, Charles L. McCormick ‘Direct, Controlled Synthesis of the Non-Immunogenic Polymer Poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) via RAFT in Aqueous MediaBiomacromolecules 2005, 6, 1846-1850. DOI: 10.1021/bm0503017.
  • Ran Wang, Charles L. McCormick, Andrew B. Lowe* ‘Synthesis and Evaluation of New Dicarboxylic Acid-Functional Trithiocarbonates: RAFT Synthesis of Telechelic Poly(n-butyl acrylate)sMacromolecules 2005, 38, 9518-9525. DOI: 10.1021/ma050669w.

    2004

  • Brent S. Sumerlin, Andrew B. Lowe, David B. Thomas, Anthony J. Convertine, Michael S. Donovan, Charles L. McCormick ‘Aqueous Solution Properties of pH-Responsive AB Diblock Acrylamido-Styrenic Copolymers Synthesized via Aqueous Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain TransferJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2004, 42, 1724-1734. DOI: 10.1002/pola.11069.
  • David B. Thomas, Anthony J. Convertine, Roger D. Hester, Andrew B. Lowe, Charles L. McCormick ‘Hydrolytic Susceptibility of Dithioester Chain Transfer Agents and Implications in Aqueous RAFT PolymerizationsMacromolecules 2004, 37, 1735-1741. DOI: 10.1021/ma035572t.
  • Charles L. McCormick and Andrew B. Lowe ‘Synthesis of Water-Soluble (Co)polymers with Precisely Controlled Structures Utilizing Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in Aqueous MediaAccounts of Chemical Research 2004, 37, 312-325. DOI: 10.1021/ar0302484.
  • Anthony J. Convertine, Neil Ayres, Charles W. Scales, Andrew B. Lowe, Charles L. McCormick ‘Facile, Controlled, Room Temperature RAFT Polymerization of N-IsopropylacrylamideBiomacromolecules 2004, 5, 1177-1180. DOI: 10.1021/bm049825h.
  • Andrew B. Lowe ‘Synthesis of AB Diblock Polyampholytes via GTP’ Macromol. Syn. 2004, 13, 21-30.
  • David B. Thomas, Anthony J. Convertine, Leslie J. Myrick, Charles W. Scales, Adam E. Smith, Andrew B. Lowe, Yuliya A. Vasilieva, Neil Ayres, Charles L. McCormick ‘Kinetics and Molecular Weight Control of the Polymerization of Acrylamide via RAFTMacromolecules 2004, 37, 8941-8950. DOI: 10.1021/ma048199d.

    2003

  • David B. Thomas, Brent S. Sumerlin, Andrew B. Lowe, Charles L. McCormick ‘Conditions for Facile, Controlled RAFT Polymerization of Acrylamide in WaterMacromolecules 2003, 36, 1436-1439. DOI: 10.1021/ma025960f.
  • Michael S. Donovan, Andrew B. Lowe, Taylor A. Sanford and Charles L. McCormick ‘Sulfobetaine Containing Diblock and Triblock Copolymers via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization in AqueousJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2003, 41, 1262-1281. DOI: 10.1002/pola.10658.
  • Anthony Convertine, Brent S. Sumerlin, David B. Thomas, Andrew B. Lowe, Charles L. McCormick ‘Synthesis of Block copolymers of 2- and 4-Vinylpyridine by RAFT PolymerizationMacromolecules 2003, 36, 4679-4681. DOI: 10.1021/ma034361l.
  • Brent S. Sumerlin, Andrew B. Lowe, Paul A. Stroud, Marek W. Urban, Charles L. McCormick ‘Modification of Gold Surfaces with Water-Soluble (Co)polymers Prepared via Aqueous Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) PolymerizationLangmuir 2003, 19, 5559-5562. DOI: 10.1021/la034459t.
  • Brent S. Sumerlin, Andrew B. Lowe, David B. Thomas, Charles L. McCormick ‘Aqueous Solution Properties of pH-Responsive AB Diblock Acrylamido Copolymers Synthesized via Aqueous RAFTMacromolecules 2003, 36, 5982-5987. DOI: 10.1021/ma034088n.
  • Andrew B. Lowe,* Brent S. Sumerlin, Charles L. McCormick ‘The Direct Polymerization of 2-Methacryloxyethyl Glucoside via Aqueous Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) PolymerizationPolymer 2003, 44, 6761-6765. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.08.039.

    2002

  • Michael S. Donovan, Andrew B. Lowe, Brent S. Sumerlin and Charles L. McCormick ‘RAFT Polymerization of N,N-Dimethylacrylamide Utilizing Novel Chain Transfer Agents Tailored for High Reinitiation Efficiency and Structural Control’ Macromolecules 2002, 35, 4123-4132. DOI: 10.1021/ma0120714.
  • Michael S. Donovan, Taylor A. Sanford, Andrew B. Lowe, Yoshiro Mitsukami, Brent S. Sumerlin and Charles L. McCormick ‘RAFT Polymerization of N,N-Dimethylacrylamide In Aqueous MediaMacromolecules 2002, 35, 4570-4572. DOI: 10.1021/ma020191l.
  • Andrew B. Lowe* and Charles L. McCormick ‘Homogeneous Living/Controlled Free Radical Polymerization in Aqueous MediaAustralian Journal of Chemistry 2002, 55, 367-379. DOI: 10.1071/CH02053.
  • Andrew B. Lowe, Brent S. Sumerlin, Michael S. Donovan and Charles L. McCormick ‘Facile Preparation of Transition Metal Nanoparticles Stabilized by Well-defined (Co)polymers Synthesized via Aqueous RAFTJournal of the American Chemical Society 2002, 124, 11562-11563. DOI: 10.1021/ja020556h.
  • Andrew B. Lowe* and Charles L. McCormick ‘Synthesis and Solution Properties of Zwitterionic (Co)polymersChemical Reviews 2002, 102, 4177-4190. DOI: 10.1021/cr020371t.
  • Michael S. Donovan, Brent S. Sumerlin, Andrew B. Lowe and Charles L. McCormick ‘Controlled Polymerization of Sulfobetaine Monomers Directly in Water via RAFTMacromolecules 2002, 35, 8663-8666. DOI: 10.1021/ma0209996.

    1996-2001

  • Brent Sumerlin, Michael S. Donovan, Yoshiro Mitsukami, Andrew B. Lowe and Charles L. McCormick ‘Water Soluble Polymers 84: The Controlled Polymerization In Aqueous Media of Anionic Acrylamido Monomers via RAFTMacromolecules 2001, 34, 6561-6564. DOI: 10.1021/ma011288v.
  • Yoshiro Mitsukami, Michael S. Donovan, Andrew B. Lowe and Charles L. McCormick ‘Water Soluble Polymers 81: The Direct Synthesis of Hydrophilic Styrenic-Based Homo- and Block Copolymers In Aqueous Solution via RAFTMacromolecules 2001, 34, 2248-2256. DOI: 10.1021/ma0018087.
  • Andrew B. Lowe, Maria Vamvakaki, Michael A. Wassall, Lavinia Wong, Norman C. Billingham, Steven P. Armes and Andrew W. Lloyd ‘Well-Defined Sulfobetaine-Based Statistical Copolymers as Potential Anti-Bioadherent CoatingsJournal of Biomedical Research 2000, 52, 88-94.
  • Vural Bütün, Andrew B. Lowe, Norman C. Billingham and Steven P. Armes ‘Synthesis of Zwitterionic Shell Cross-Linked MicellesJournal of the American Chemical Society 1999, 121, 4288-4289. DOI: 10.1021/ja9840596.
  • Andrew B. Lowe, Norman C. Billingham and Steven P. Armes ‘Synthesis and Properties of Low-Polydispersity Poly(sulfopropylbetaine)s and Their Block CopolymersMacromolecules 1999, 32, 2141-2148. DOI: 10.1021/ma980543h.
  • Andrew B. Lowe, Norman C. Billingham and Steven P. Armes ‘Synthesis and Characterization of Zwitterionic Block CopolymersMacromolecules 1998, 31, 5991-5998. DOI: 10.1021/ma980558f.
  • Costas S. Patrickios, Andrew B. Lowe, Norman C. Billingham and Steven P. Armes ‘ABC Triblock Polymethacrylates: Group Transfer Polymerization Synthesis of the ABC, ACB, and BAC Topological Isomers and Solution CharacterizationJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 1998, 36, 617-631.
  • Vural Bütün, Clair E. Bennett, Maria Vamvakaki, Andrew B. Lowe, Norman C. Billingham and Steven P. Armes ‘Selective Betainisation of Tertiary Amine Methacrylate Block CopolymersJournal of Materials Chemistry 1997, 7, 1693-1695. DOI: 10.1039/a703566g.
  • Andrew B. Lowe, Norman C. Billingham and Steven P. Armes ‘Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Properties of Novel Zwitterionic Block CopolymersChemical Communications 1997, 1035-1036. DOI: 10.1039/a702116j.
  • Z. Tuzar, H. Popisil, J. Plestil, Andrew B. Lowe, Fiona L. Baines, Norman C. Billingham and Steven P. Armes ‘Micelles of Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Poly(sulfobetaine)-Based Block CopolymersMacromolecules 1997, 30, 2509-2512. DOI: 10.1021/ma9615617.
  • Andrew B. Lowe, Norman C. Billingham and Steven P. Armes ‘Synthesis of Polybetaines With Narrow Molecular Mass Distribution and Controlled ArchitectureChemical Communications 1996, 1555-1556. DOI: 10.1039/CC9960001555.